Monga maiko ambiri otukuka masiku ano, China ikukumana ndi kusowa kwa antchito aluso. Kufunika kofulumira kuchepetsa anthu ogwira ntchito ndikuwonjezera zokolola kwapangitsa kuti Beijing apeze yankho: kukhazikitsa maloboti ambiri ogulitsa mafakitale m'mafakitale. Komabe, izi sizingathandize.
Pofuna kukonza mizere yopangira yomwe imatha kupanga zinthu zamtengo wapatali, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso ku China udatulutsa Robot Plus Application Plan mwezi watha. Lili ndi cholinga chomveka bwino: kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe ka robot mu gawo la mafakitale pofika chaka cha 2025 kuchokera ku 246 pa antchito a 10,000 mu 2020. Ndondomekoyi ikufuna kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizirapo magetsi, minda yamphepo ndi machitidwe ovuta kwambiri a mphamvu.
Ukadaulo wamtunduwu womwe umayang'ana ndi njira yaku Beijing yochitira zinthu (ganizirani "Made in China 2025"). Malinga ndi Daiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong Ltd., kuchuluka kwa maloboti kumangofunika kukwera ndi 13% pachaka (1) kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Ponseponse, zomwe zikuchitikazi zikuwonetsa kukwanira kokwanira kokwanira komanso kufunikira kwa ma automation.
Makampani apanyumba monga Estun Automation ndi Shenzhen Inovance Technology akumanga mofulumira, makina olondola omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa magalimoto, kuyenda mu 3D, ndi kupindana m'njira zovuta - pafupifupi ngati dzanja la munthu. Ena amatha kuwotcherera, kutembenuza zomangira, ndikupanga zizindikiro za laser. Makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zida zamagalimoto akugwira ntchito, akugulitsa 72% m'gawo lomaliza la 2022. Makampani a ku Japan Fanuc Corp. ndi Yaskawa Electric Corp. adatenga malo otsogolera pamsika ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri.
Pakadali pano, zomwe boma lidachita kale zopanga mafakitale zapangitsa kuti dziko la China likhale ndi maloboti akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukhazikitsa kwapachaka kwakukulu. Izi zimathandizira kufulumizitsa ntchito yopanga ndikuwongolera kulondola kwazinthu zopanga.
Komabe, kukhazikitsa maloboti ambiri pamalo opangira zinthu sizikutanthauza kuti China ipeza kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kudumpha kwa zokolola. Ngakhale makinawa adapangidwa kuti azidzaza anthu ogwira ntchito, amafunikiranso anthu aluso kwambiri kuti apindule ndi kupanga mwanzeru. Popanda ziyeneretso zoyenera, ogwira ntchito sangathe kukonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzipangira okha.
Chifukwa cha liwiro lomwe dziko la China likutengera lusoli, ogwira ntchito osamukira ku 300 miliyoni mdzikolo sangathandizire kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zapakhomo. Pofika 2021, ndi 12.6% okha omwe ali ndi digiri ya koleji kapena apamwamba.
Izi zimadetsa nkhawa anthu ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka 10 zimenezi, 40 peresenti ya ntchito zochitidwa ndi mamiliyoni mazana ambiri a ogwira ntchito osamukira m’mayiko ena zidzakhala zogwiritsa ntchito makina. Oposa theka la iwo azaka 41 ndi kupitilira apo, kuphunzitsidwanso kumakhala kovuta. Pakadali pano, kukopa achichepere, aluso komanso ophunzira achi China kudzatenga nthawi - ndipo sizichitika pakukula kwa kachulukidwe ka maloboti kapena mkati mwa nthawi yokhazikitsidwa ndi unduna. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu ochepa amakonda kuchita nawo ntchito zopanga, amakonda ntchito. Nzika izi tsopano sizikuyenda, kufunafuna ntchito kufupi ndi kwawo.
Pofuna kuletsanso kusiya ntchito, okonza mapulani aboma ayesetsa kulimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kuti abwerere kuntchito atachira ku Covid. Zothandizira zingapo zalengezedwa. Pambuyo pa Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar, mabasi zikwizikwi, ndege ndi masitima apamtunda adasonkhanitsidwa kuti atengere anthu kumalo opangira zinthu komanso malo omanga. Mumzinda wakumwera wa Dongguan, akuluakulu aboma adawononga pafupifupi $3 miliyoni pantchito yolemba anthu. Ngakhale izi zitha kuthandiza zomangamanga ndi ntchito, zoyesayesa izi zitha kusokonezedwa ngati anthu ochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti ovuta m'mafakitole aku China.
Andale akuyang'ana pa kuphunzitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwira ntchito. Amalimbikitsanso mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito maphunziro aukadaulo. Zitha kuthandiza, koma Beijing ikuyenera kuchita zambiri kuti ogwira ntchito athe kupeza maloboti. Chomaliza chomwe akufuna ndi mulu wa makina osagwira ntchito.
Gawoli silikuwonetsa malingaliro a olemba kapena Bloomberg LP ndi eni ake.
Anjani Trivedi ndi wolemba nkhani wa Bloomberg Opinion. Imakhudza magawo monga ndale ndi makampani opanga uinjiniya, magalimoto, magalimoto amagetsi ndi mafakitale a mabatire ku Asia-Pacific. M'mbuyomu, anali wolemba zandalama komanso misika komanso mtolankhani wa The Wall Street Journal. Izi zisanachitike, anali wosunga ndalama ku New York ndi London.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2023
